[1]张之权.《中庸》断句，千古一憾[J].湖北工业大学学报,2019,34(6):49-52.
　ZHANG Zhiquan.The Punctuation of Zhongyong: Regret for All Ages[J].,2019,34(6):49-52.
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《中庸》断句，千古一憾()
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《湖北工业大学学报》[ISSN:1003-4684/CN:42-1752/Z]

卷:
34卷
期数:
2019年第6期
页码:
49-52
栏目:
湖北工业大学学报
出版日期:
2019-12-05

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Punctuation of Zhongyong: Regret for All Ages
文章编号:
1003-4684(2019)06-0049-04
作者:
张之权
湖北工业大学， 湖北 武汉 430068
Author(s):
ZHANG Zhiquan
Hubei Univ. of Tech., Wuhan 430068, China
关键词:
中庸;  断句;  两难;  调整;  错简
Keywords:
Zhongyong;  punctuation;  dilemma;  adjustment;  misplaced bamboo strips
分类号:
B222.1
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
近两千年来，对于《中庸》第20章的一处文字，学者们都是这样断句的： “诚者，天之道也； 诚之者，人之道也。诚者，不勉而中，不思而得，从容中道，圣人也。诚之者，择善而固执之者也。”此种断句将“圣人也”断入上句，并入“天道”里去了，百般解释都不通。如将这三字断入下句，变成“圣人也，诚之者，择善而固执之者也”，内容合理，但是破坏了原文复句排比的格式，也欠妥当，陷入了两难境地。这可能是由于错简和漏简造成的，只要补齐和调整几个字，矛盾就解决了。做法是将原文中“圣人也，诚之者，择善而固执之者也”挪移到“虽愚必明，虽柔必强”的后面，而在原处补上“诚之者”三字，下接“博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，笃行之”那一段，矛盾就合情合理地解决了。
Abstract:
For nearly two thousand years, scholars have been consistent in punctuating the following part of Chapter 20 in Zhongyong (or The Doctrine of the Mean): "Sincerity is a heavenly path; the pursuit of sincerity a principle of humanity. A person born with sincerity needs not to be forced into it, or to think before owning it, for such a person, naturally walking the heavenly path, is a saint. To be sincere, one must choose benevolent goals to accomplish." Punctuating the passage in this way causes "a saint" to be separate from the final sentence of the quoted passage, thereby attributing the phrase to "the heavenly path," which results in a dead end for any effort to explain the entire passage satisfactorily. If we, instead, place "a saint" in the final sentence, enabling it to go as follows "A saint, naturally sincere, chooses nothing but benevolent goals to accomplish" the whole passage would make better sense, although on the other hand the replacement seems to have improperly broken up the consistency of parallelism. This dilemma may be resolved if we understand that there might have been missing or misplaced bamboo strips when the original text was put together, and if a few words are added or a few existing words adjusted. For instance, by moving "A saint, naturally sincere, chooses nothing but benevolent goals to accomplish" to after the subsequent phrases "wise though foolish; strong though weak" and in the same place adding the phrase "a saint," followed by "Study broadly, examine carefully, think deeply, discern profoundly, practice universally." As such, all the contradictions get resolved.

参考文献/References:

[1] 郑玄. 十三经注疏：礼记注疏 [M].台湾: 新丰公司出版, 2001:1689.
[2] 孔颖达.十三经注疏：礼记注疏[M].台湾 新丰公司出版, 2001:1690.
[3] 朱熹. 四书集注[M].长沙: 岳麓书社出版, 1987:45.
[4] 杨伯峻. 白话四书[M].长沙: 岳麓书社出版,1989. 
[5] 张之权. 《中庸》哲学意义溯源[J]. 湖北工业大学学报，2017，32（6）：69-78.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
［收稿日期］ 〖HT5”SS〗2019-01-15
［第一作者］ 〖HT5”SS〗张之权(1933-)， 男， 湖北仙桃人，湖北工业大学副教授（已退休），研究方向为中国革命史，《四书注释》辨析
更新日期/Last Update: 2019-12-09